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lithium hydroxide anhydrous (LiOH) is a white hygroscopic solid soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. It has the chemical formula of LiOH or HLiO and is used in making lithium salt, lubricating greases and photographic developers.
It is a strong base having a pH of about 10 and it is available commercially in both hydrated and anhydrous form. The hydrated form is more odorless than the anhydrous one.
The anhydrous form of this substance is the product of a metathesis reaction between calcium hydroxide and lithium carbonate. It is then heated under vacuum to about 180 degC.
Alternatively, this substance can be produced from lithium chloride obtained from either a brine or spodumene source. The spodumene can be mined from hard rock deposits, or metallic brines stored in artificial ponds are the preferred source.
This is the most common method for obtaining lithium hydroxide anhydrous. The spodumene can then be causticised using sodium hydroxide in a stoichiometric ratio.
The anhydrous lithium hydroxide is then filtered, preferably by ceramic filters, to produce solid products. The solid products are then re-leached to separate the LiCl and NaCl.
This material is then dried under vacuum to produce crystals of lithium hydroxide monohydrate. The crystals are a very high purity and therefore are suitable for use as a battery grade cathode material.