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Carbon and Chlorine are bonded covalently to form the compound carbon chloride (CCl2). Carbon chloride is highly water soluble and is usually supplied in the hydrate or solvate form. It is also available in high purity, submicron and nanopowder forms. Chloride compounds are a good conductor of electricity, have a low boiling and melting point, and can be easily fused or dissolved in water to yield chlorine gas and the metal chloride. They can also be decomposed by electrolysis to form chloride ions and the metals from which they are formed.
Naming binary (two-element) covalent compounds is similar to naming simple ionic compounds. The stem of the first element’s name is used, followed by a suffix indicating the number of atoms of the second element in the molecule. A system of numerical prefixes has been devised for use in describing the number of atoms in a molecule; these are shown in Table 5.6.15.6.1.
The correct chemical formula for a compound with one carbon atom (C) bonded to four chlorine atoms (Cl4) is carbon tetrachloride, represented by the symbol CCl4. The term tetrachloride means “four chlorides,” which accurately describes the composition of this volatile compound, and the fact that it has four chlorine atoms per carbon atom makes it a group 2B substance. Carbon tetrachloride is toxic and carcinogenic; prolonged exposure may result in central nervous system depression, liver and kidney damage, and respiratory dysfunction. It was once widely used as a dry-cleaning solvent, but safer alternatives such as perchloroethylene have now replaced it.
