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Copper sulfide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuS. It can be obtained by reacting copper(II) chloride with sulfuric acid and is also produced from the decomposition of copper sulfide ore, such as chalcopyrite, bornite and covellite. It is found as dark blue hexagonal crystals or black powder. It is used as a pigment in antifouling paints and mixed catalysts and to develop aniline black dyes for textile printing. It is also a moderate conductor of electricity and is used in thin-film solar cells with cadmium sulfide.
It is soluble in nitric acid and ethyl alcohol. It can release toxic hydrogen sulfide gas if exposed to hot water or acid. It is toxic to inhale, and may cause irritation of the skin and respiratory tract. Ingestion can result in gastrointestinal irritation and vomiting.
Copper(II) sulfide can form several polymorphs with different structures. The so-called monoclinic form (low-chalcocite) has a complex structure with 96 copper atoms per unit cell, while the more stable hexagonal form has 24 crystallographically distinct copper atoms in planar 3 coordination. Both forms can be transformed to cupric sulfide by reaction with magnesium hydroxide or copper(II) chloride.
Copper(II) sulfide nanoparticles incorporated with hyaluronic acid (CuS/HA) can be injected into wounds and promote faster healing. In addition, this formulation can also induce the formation of angiogenesis and enhance cell migration in a model skin wound. In addition, this compound has no cytotoxicity in human hepatocytes and shows low genotoxic effects in mice.