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Hafnium oxide nanoparticles (HfO2 NPs) are used for many electronic devices. They are characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, they have proven to have good antitumor activity in several human cancer models.
Hafnium oxide nanoparticles are produced through a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally safe precipitation reaction. This process is also known as surface charge technology. The resultant particles are biocompatible and stable in aqueous solution. These particles can have a negative surface charge, which can reduce the leakage currents in electronic devices.
Nanoparticles are produced from a precursory complex by dissolving it in an acidic solution. A variety of compounds are used as precursors. The size and shape of the nanoparticles can be controlled. However, the most common method for producing HfO2 NPs is the precipitation reaction. Using this method, the average particle size is below 10 nm.
NPs produced by the precipitation reaction can be analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Upon aging, the NPs can be converted into a spindle-like structure. To produce a tetragonal phase, the seeds must be present.
Hafnium oxide NPs are useful in applications that require a high resistivity and high dielectric constant. Additionally, these particles can be employed in optical coatings. They are particularly useful as refractory insulators. As such, they have been extensively investigated as an alternative gate dielectric.
Several studies have indicated that the location of these nanoparticles within the tumor may have a significant effect on the in vitro radioenhancement. The resulting hotspot can cause localized destruction of biological subcellular structures.
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