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Antimony is an alloying element of lead. It increases the strength of lead and can be used to manufacture various kinds of lead alloys. Lead-antimony alloys are used in applications such as bearing assembly, casting, and radiation shielding. They form a protective film faster than chemical lead.
For thousands of years, lead has been widely used. In addition to being a good conductor, it is easy to work with and easy to extract. Most of the lead imported into the United States comes from China. Since 1982, the United States smelter output has been steadily increasing.
Antimony is a very useful alloying element in batteries. It increases the mechanical strength and hardness of lead and increases charging characteristics. Using antimony, manufacturers can produce a highly conductive battery grid.
The initial grids for lead-acid batteries were made of a eutectic lead-antimony alloy of 11% antimony. In a conventional technique, these alloys were cast in molds. Once the alloy was solidified, the mold was opened and the grid was extracted.
Originally, these cast grids had many problems. However, the advent of low-antimony alloys solved the problems. These alloys contain less antimony, reducing the amount of eutectic material and the freezing range.
These alloys also reduce water loss. As a result, they are suitable for maintenance-free high capacity batteries. However, they can still crack at the intersections of grids.
Several lead-antimony alloys are incorporated into the manufacturing process of tubular battery grids. These grids consist of a series of long spines, which are encased in glass or fiber tubes.
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